An unprecedented cave temple reconstruction

Cave of the Ring-Bearing Doves

The breath-taking reconstruction of a Buddhist cave temple in a display-case-cum-gallery structure spanning two levels is an extraordinary sight to behold. The accessible cave is from Kizil, located near Kucha on the Northern Silk Road in what is now the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (China). When the cave temple was built around the sixth century, Kucha was the capital of a regional kingdom ruled by the Indo-European Tocharians. Scriptures, styles, and rituals were transmitted from Buddhist kingdoms in India and from Gandhara, today Pakistan and Afghanistan. The impact of Iranian culture was also important. Hundreds of caves, mostly with vaulted ceilings, were hewn out of the soft rock. By contrast, Kizil Cave 123, known as the “Cave of the Ring-Bearing Doves”, has a square shape and is crowned by a dome, which is unusual. Its ceiling is decorated with stunning paintings of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, the latter being enlightened beings who remain in this world to help believers achieve better reincarnations and enlightenment. On the side walls two large identical Buddhas dominate.

 

The four German expeditions which brought the murals to Germany in the early 1900s arrived at an abandoned site and thought they were rescuing these paintings by removing them. But the cutting and transport caused damage. Some wall paintings from the Kizil Cave were tragically destroyed towards the end of World War II when the Völkerkundemuseum in Berlin (where a first reconstruction of this cave temple was then standing) burned out during the bombings.

This reconstruction is following the measurements and all details of the original cave temple as documented during a field trip to Kizil in 2017 as part of a cooperation with the Kucha Research Academy and during previous projects. The wall paintings that had been destroyed or are still in situ were recreated in sand-coloured clay tones. Original fragments can be recognized from the brighter colours. Clay sculptures from other sites are exhibited around the reconstructed cave in large display cases. At a media station – surrounded by archaeological wooden objects – visitors learn about the structure and pictorial program of the cave temples in Kizil. And historical photos and drawings serve to contextualize the history of the four expeditions (1902–1914) in interactive ways.

 

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